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The fact that we observe a trade-off between risk and return is puzzling to economists,because that observation conflicts with the notion that most people are risk averse.

A) True
B) False

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If the interest rate is r percent,then the rule of 70 says that your savings will double about every


A) 70/(1 - r) years.
B) 70/(1 + r) years.
C) 70/r years.
D) 70(1 + r) /r years.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Happy Trails,a bicycle rental company,is considering purchasing three additional bicycles.Each bicycle would cost them $249.66.At the end of the first year the increase to their revenues would be $140 per bicycle.At the end of the second year the increase to their revenues again would be $140 per bicycle.Thereafter,there are no increases to their revenues.At which of the following interest rates is the sum of the present values of the additional revenues closest to the price of a bicycle?


A) 5 percent
B) 6 percent
C) 7 percent
D) 8 percent

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Financial intermediaries typically require mortgage borrowers to have homeowner's insurance and do credit checks before making the loan.


A) The insurance requirement and the credit check are both designed primarily to reduce adverse selection.
B) The insurance requirement and the credit check are both designed primarily to reduce the risk of moral hazard.
C) The insurance requirement is designed primarily to reduce adverse selection;the credit check is designed primarily to reduce the risk of moral hazard.
D) The insurance requirement is designed primarily to reduce the risk of moral hazard;the credit check is designed primarily to reduce adverse selection.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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ZZL Corporation has the opportunity to undertake an investment project that will cost $20,000 today.If the interest rate is 20 percent and if the project will yield the company $30,000 in 3 years,then ZZL will undertake the project.

A) True
B) False

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Risk aversion helps to explain various things we observe in the economy,including


A) adherence to the old adage,"Don't put all your eggs in one basket."
B) insurance.
C) the risk-return trade-off.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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A scholarship gives you $1,000 today and promises to pay you $1,000 one year from today.What is the present value of these payments?


A) $2,000/(1 + r) 2.
B) $1,000 + $1,000/(1 + r)
C) $1,000/(1 + r) + $1,000/(1 + r) 2
D) $1,000(1 + r) + $1,000(1 + r) 2

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In effect,an annuity provides insurance


A) against the risk of dying and leaving one's family without a regular income.
B) against the risk of living too long.
C) to people who are not risk-averse.
D) to people whose utility functions do not display the usual properties.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The price of a bond is equal to the sum of the present values of its future payments.Suppose a certain bond pays $50 one year from today and $1,050 two years from today.What is the price of the bond if the interest rate is 5 percent?


A) $1,050.00
B) $1,045.35
C) $1,000.00
D) $945.35

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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A pharmaceutical company unexpectedly announces that it just developed an important new drug.This news should


A) raise the price of the corporation's stock;if it does not the stock is overvalued.
B) raise the price of the corporation's stock;if it does not the stock is undervalued.
C) reduce the price of the corporation's stock;if it does not the stock is overvalued.
D) reduce the price of the corporation's stock;if it does not the stock is undervalued.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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You may be unwilling to buy a used car because you suspect the last owner found out the car was a lemon.You may treat a car you rented with a little less care than you'd use on your own car.


A) Both examples primarily illustrate adverse selection.
B) Both examples primarily illustrate moral hazard.
C) The first example primarily illustrates adverse selection;the second primarily illustrates moral hazard.
D) The first example primarily illustrates moral hazard;the second primarily illustrates adverse selection.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Belinda knows that she has about $95 in her bank account.She knows she earned an interest rate of 4 percent,but she doesn't remember how much she opened the account with a year ago.How much did she put in?


A) $91.00
B) $91.20
C) $91.27
D) $91.35

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following games might a risk-averse person play?


A) a game where she has a 70 percent chance of winning $1 and a 30 percent chance of losing $1
B) a game where she has a 60 percent chance of winning $100 and a 40 percent chance of losing $100
C) a game where she has a 60 percent chance of winning $2 and a 40 percent chance of losing $1
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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List two ways a risk adverse person may attempt to reduce risks.

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buy insurance
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The sooner a payment is received and the higher the interest rate,the greater the present value of a future payment.

A) True
B) False

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Fourteen years ago William put money in his account at First National Bank.William decides to cash in his account and is told that his money has quadrupled.According to the rule of 70,what rate of interest did Alfred earn?


A) 5 percent
B) 7 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 14 percent

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The last $2,000 of Rolanda's wealth adds less to her utility than the previous $2,000.Based on this information,Rolanda has


A) increasing marginal utility of wealth and is risk averse.
B) increasing marginal utility of wealth and is not risk averse.
C) decreasing marginal utility of wealth and is risk averse.
D) decreasing marginal utility of wealth and is not risk averse.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is the future value of $750 one year from today if the interest rate is 2.5 percent?


A) $766.50
B) $768.75
C) $770.23
D) None of the above are correct to the nearest cent.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A measure of the volatility of a variable is its


A) present value.
B) future value.
C) return.
D) standard deviation.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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As the number of stocks in a person's portfolio increases,


A) the risk of the portfolio increases,as indicated by the increasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
B) the risk of the portfolio increases,as indicated by the decreasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
C) the risk of the portfolio decreases,as indicated by the increasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.
D) the risk of the portfolio decreases,as indicated by the decreasing value of the standard deviation of the portfolio.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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