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If heroin users could obtain both the drug and needles legally, they would be less likely to


A) contract HIV.
B) overdose.
C) contract other illnesses carried by dirty needles.
D) commit crimes.
E) all of the above

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is inherently the most dangerous to use?


A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) opium
D) caffeine
E) alcohol

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following would be most likely to reduce medical errors?


A) developing systems to identify ill-trained nurses
B) developing systems to identify drug-abusing doctors
C) increasing autopsy rates
D) making it easier for patients to sue incompetent doctors
E) holding more Medical Mortality Review conferences

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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C

Which of the following is true?


A) Nicotine is an addictive drug.
B) Tobacco use contributes to infant mortality.
C) Living or working around tobacco smokers increases risks of mortality and morbidity.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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To increase sales of tobacco, tobacco producers have


A) emphasized that smoking can lead to weight loss.
B) sued the US Public Health Service.
C) refrained from advertising to children.
D) targeted men rather than women.
E) primarily targeted wealthy whites.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in infectious diseases.
B) As more people in poorer countries are moving to cities, infectious disease is increasing.
C) Globalization is helping to spread infectious disease.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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The term illness is used to refer to


A) the social experience of living with a disease.
B) the biological consequences of disease.
C) an objective measure of biological changes.
D) sociologists' ideas regarding epidemiology.
E) mental problems.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Currently, the most common causes of death in the United States are


A) chronic diseases.
B) infectious diseases.
C) accidents and trauma.
D) infant and maternal mortality.
E) diseases of middle age.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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A

John McKinlay would refer to advertising companies that work for tobacco producers as


A) primary producers.
B) secondary producers.
C) primary practitioners.
D) manufacturers of illness.
E) "downstream" problems.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Social stress


A) can cause mental as well as physical illness.
B) is most common among busy middle-class people.
C) can cause illness, but does not affect the immune system.
D) improves the immune system.
E) improves one's life choices.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Look at the last twelve issues of a magazine that regularly runs advertisements for either alcoholic beverages or cigarettes. What overt and covert messages do advertisements in these issues give regarding alcohol/tobacco, the use of these drugs, and the lives and characters of those who use these drugs? Quantify your findings as much as possible (e.g., 80 percent of advertisements suggest that using tobacco will improve your sex life). To do this, you will have to develop specific questions, such as "Does this advertisement suggest that using tobacco will improve your sex life?"

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To analyze the overt and covert messages...

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Evaluate the role that social conditions and status play in maintaining and restoring health, and compare that to the role played by medical treatments.

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Social conditions and status play a cruc...

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In general, rates better measure how common an illness is than do raw numbers because rates


A) allow us to reasonably compare populations of different sizes.
B) are more scientifically accurate.
C) are a more objective measure.
D) can be measured in a less biased fashion.
E) can be more accurately calculated.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Toxic agents


A) are especially dangerous to children.
B) are contributing to climate change.
C) can be prevented by developing a "risk society."
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following are necessary before individuals will comply with medical advice?


A) They must believe they are susceptible to a particular health problem.
B) They must believe that compliance will significantly reduce their risk.
C) They must believe they may die if they do not comply.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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E

According to McGinnis and Foege, the most common cause of premature deaths is


A) illegal drugs.
B) diet and exercise.
C) AIDS.
D) tobacco.
E) microbial agents.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The study of the distribution of disease among a population is referred to as


A) sociology.
B) clinical sociology.
C) epidemiology.
D) geography.
E) enterology.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following is true?


A) Public funding for contraceptive services has increased.
B) Women who have Medicaid can receive an abortion at no cost.
C) Almost all US counties have at least one abortion provider.
D) Access to abortion has declined during the last decade.
E) all of the above

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Globalization has helped spread illness by


A) eroding cultural traditions that previously had reduced sexual activity.
B) encouraging industries that push into forests and put humans in contact with diseases carried by animals.
C) increasing the number of people who travel from region to region.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Morbidity refers to


A) deaths.
B) illness.
C) infections.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome.
E) macroeconomics.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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