Question 1

What is the mechanism of suppression of the immune system by the measles (rubeola)  virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infected lymphocytes undergo apoptosis.
B)   Infected B cells cannot produce antibodies.
C)   Infected CTLs cannot kill virus-infected cells.
D)   Infected macrophages cannot function properly.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Children who take aspirin while they have chickenpox are at risk for Reye syndrome, which may be fatal due to organ damage. What is the cellular process that is affected by aspirin to cause organ damage?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA synthesis is inhibited.
B)   ATP production is inhibited.
C)   Protein synthesis is inhibited.
D)   Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS)  is inhibited.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Why was the first rotavirus vaccine in the United States removed from the market?

Accepted Answer

A)   It caused jaundice.
B)   It caused allergic reactions.
C)   It caused bowel obstructions.
D)   It caused cardiac arrhythmias.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The diphtheria toxin targets cellular machinery, leading to the outcome of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased transcription
B)   Decreased protein synthesis
C)   Increased DNA methylation
D)   Decreased cAMP productionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

What is the difference between the Zostavax and Viravax vaccines?

Accepted Answer

A)   Zostavax has more strains of the virus than Viravax.
B)   Zostavax has a higher concentration of virus than Viravax.
C)   Viravax has killed virus and Zostavax has live, attenuated virus.
D)   Viravax is a combination vaccine with Hib vaccine, and Zostavax is a single vaccine.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D) B

Question 6

Corynebacterium diphtheriae colonizes:

Accepted Answer

A)   Heart and liver
B)   Muscle and liver
C)   Tonsils and pharynx
D)   Kidneys and adrenal glandsE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is a virulence factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pertactin
B)   Polyribosyl phosphate
C)   Polysaccharide capsule
D)   Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)  endotoxinE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

In a vaccine such as Menactra, what is the main purpose of linking the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitis to the diphtheria toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)   To stimulate a T cell-dependent immune response
B)   To eliminate infections that commonly occur together
C)   To add another vaccine to reduce the number of injections a patient receives
D)   To prevent destruction of the polysaccharide antigens before an immune response can be mountedE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Measles and German measles are clinically similar because:

Accepted Answer

A)   Both cause arthritis.
B)   The spots of the rash are similar in size.
C)   They are caused by different strains of the virus.
D)   The rashes start at the head and neck and spread down the body.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Following resolution of the lesions of shingles, patients may continue to experience what symptom for months?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pain
B)   Arthritis
C)   Immunosuppression
D)   Swollen lymph nodesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Why will the Zostavax vaccine be phased out over time?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because the virus can mutate and the vaccine will no longer be effective
B)   Because with prolonged use of the vaccine, patients will no longer mount a proper immune response to the virus
C)   Because older patients are less likely to be able to afford the vaccine, so it is more cost effective to vaccinate children
D)   Because all children will have been vaccinated against Varicella zoster so they will not get shingles when they are olderE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cough
B)   Diarrhea
C)   Cold sore
D)   Swollen salivary glandsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Pertussis toxin (PTx)  causes what outcome in cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reducing EF-2 activity
B)   Accumulation of cAMP
C)   Increased release of IL-1
D)   Necrosis of respiratory tissueE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

All available hepatitis B vaccines are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Killed vaccines
B)   Subunit vaccines
C)   Combination vaccines
D)   Live, attenuated vaccinesE) None of the above
F) A) and D) B

Question 15

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prevents antibodies from binding
B)   Prevents phagocytosis of the bacteria
C)   Allows the bacteria to stick to host cell surfaces to colonize
D)   Allows the bacteria to move through tissue more effectivelyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following infectious agents are capable of forming spores? 
I. Clostridium tetani
II. Bordetella pertussis
III. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   III only
C)   I and II
D)   II and III
E)   I, II, and IIIF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Immunization against ____________ is protective against otitis media.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pertussis
B)   Neisseria spp.
C)   Pneumococcus
D)   Haemophilus influenza type bE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

A vaccine for diphtheria may be combined with vaccines for which of the following agents? 
I. Pertussis
II. Hepatitis B
III. Haemophilus

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   III only
C)   I and II
D)   II and III
E)   I, II, and IIIF) A) and E)
G) A) and C) C

Question 19

What role does hemagglutinin have in the influenza viral lifecycle?

Accepted Answer

A)   Virulence factor that facilitates viral assembly in the host cell
B)   Virulence factor responsible for viral binding to mammalian cells
C)   Virulence factor that facilitates release of viral progeny from host cells
D)   Virulence factor responsible for increasing replication of viral nucleic acidsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Which type of tetanus involves Clostridium tetani organisms present in the middle ear and can cause facial paralysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cephalic tetanus
B)   Neonatal tetanus
C)   Localized tetanus
D)   Generalized tetanusE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Exam 25: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

What is the mechanism of suppression of the immune system by the measles (rubeola) virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who take aspirin while they have chickenpox are at risk for Reye syndrome, which may be fatal due to organ damage. What is the cellular process that is affected by aspirin to cause organ damage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why was the first rotavirus vaccine in the United States removed from the market?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diphtheria toxin targets cellular machinery, leading to the outcome of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between the Zostavax and Viravax vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Corynebacterium diphtheriae colonizes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a virulence factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a vaccine such as Menactra, what is the main purpose of linking the capsular polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitis to the diphtheria toxin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Measles and German measles are clinically similar because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following resolution of the lesions of shingles, patients may continue to experience what symptom for months?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why will the Zostavax vaccine be phased out over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main symptom of rotavirus infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pertussis toxin (PTx) causes what outcome in cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All available hepatitis B vaccines are:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is the purpose of the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following infectious agents are capable of forming spores? I. Clostridium tetani II. Bordetella pertussis III. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immunization against ____________ is protective against otitis media.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A vaccine for diphtheria may be combined with vaccines for which of the following agents? I. Pertussis II. Hepatitis B III. Haemophilus

Correct AnswerverifiedC

What role does hemagglutinin have in the influenza viral lifecycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of tetanus involves Clostridium tetani organisms present in the middle ear and can cause facial paralysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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C

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