Question 1

The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin D
B)  Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D
C)  Thyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin A
D)  Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin AE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink.
B)  The high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell.
C)  The high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of brain cells, which slows the synapses within the brain.
D)  The high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water, causing brain cells to swell.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign indicate:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypokalemia.
B)  hyperkalemia.
C)  hypocalcemia.
D)  hypercalcemia.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Retention of sodium and water is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capillary hydrostatic pressure
B)  Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
C)  Capillary oncotic pressure
D)  Interstitial oncotic pressureE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations.
-Confusion, irritability, depression, headache, seizures

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyponatremia
B)  Hypernatremia
C)  Hypercalcemia
D)  Hypokalemia
E)  HypomagnesemiaF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Which are causes of hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated blood administration or pancreatitis
B)  Kidney stones and immobility
C)  Decreased resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone
D)  Hyperparathyroidism and bone metastasisE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

What is the action of natriuretic peptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  They decrease blood pressure and increase sodium and water excretion.
B)  They increase blood pressure and decrease sodium and water excretion.
C)  They increase heart rate and decrease potassium excretion.
D)  They decrease heart rate and increase potassium excretion.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotensin I
B)  Angiotensin II
C)  Aldosterone
D)  ReninE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the action of natriuretic peptides?

Correct Answer
verified

Loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia.

Correct Answer
verified

Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign indicate:

Correct Answer
verified

What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?

Correct Answer
verified

The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?

Correct Answer
verified

Which are causes of hypocalcemia?

Correct Answer
verified

Retention of sodium and water is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

Correct Answer
verified

Insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia.

Correct Answer
verified

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Confusion, irritability, depression, headache, seizures

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the action of natriuretic peptides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign indicate:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which are causes of hypocalcemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Retention of sodium and water is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insulin and glucose can be given to correct hyperkalemia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each electrolyte imbalance with its clinical manifestations. -Confusion, irritability, depression, headache, seizures

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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