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Exam 17: Oligopoly

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Question 231

True/False

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A tit-for-tat strategy, in a repeated game, is one in which a player starts by cooperating and then does whatever the other player did last time.

A) True
B) False

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Question 232

Multiple Choice

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As the number of firms in the oligopoly grows very large, the

A) output effect disappears.
B) price effect disappears.
C) output effect equals the price effect.
D) price of the product greatly exceeds marginal cost.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 233

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following statements is true?

Suppose that Bieber and Rihanna are duopolists in the music industry. In May, they agree to work together as a monopolist, charging the monopoly price for their music and producing the monopoly quantity of songs. By June, each singer is considering breaking the agreement. What would you expect to happen next?

The oligopoly price will be greater than marginal cost but less than the monopoly price when

Outline the purpose of antitrust laws. What do they accomplish?

Figure 17-1 -Refer to Figure 17-1. Suppose this market is served by two firms who each face the marginal cost curve shown in the diagram. The marginal revenue curve that a monopolist would face in this market is also shown. If the firms are able to collude successfully,

Oligopolists may well be able to reach their preferred, cooperative outcome if

Table 17-21 The Chicken Game is named for a contest in which drivers test their courage by driving straight at each other. John and Paul have a common interest to avoid crashing into each other, but they also have a personal, competing interest to not turn first to demonstrate their courage to those observing the contest. The payoff table for this situation is provided below. The payoffs are shown as (John, Paul) . -Refer to Table 17-21. What is (are) the Nash equilibrium (equilibria) in this Chicken game?

Scenario 17-6 Assume that a local telecommunications company sells high speed internet access and cable television. The company's only two customers are Taylor and Tim. Taylor is willing to pay $50 per month for high speed internet access and $50 per month for cable television. Tim is willing to pay only $20 per month for high speed internet access, but is willing to pay $70 per month for cable television. Assume that the telecommunications company can provide each of these products at zero marginal cost. -Refer to Scenario 17-6. If the telecommunications company is unable to use tying, what is the profit-maximizing price to charge for high speed internet access?

A firm that practices resale price maintenance

Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: 21. -Refer to Table 17-1. Suppose the town enacts new antitrust laws that prohibit Rochelle and Alec from operating as a monopoly. How many gallons of water will be produced and sold once Rochelle and Alec reach a Nash equilibrium?

The Sherman Antitrust Act

Hot dog vendors on the beach fail to cooperate with one another on the quantity of hot dogs they should sell to earn monopoly profits. A consequence of their failure is that, relative to the outcome the vendors would like, (i) the quantity of hot dogs supplied is closer to the socially optimal level. (ii) the price of hot dogs is closer to marginal cost. (iii) the hot dog market at the beach is less competitive.

Scenario 17-2. Imagine that two oil companies, BQ and Exxoff, own adjacent oil fields. Under the fields is a common pool of oil worth $144 million. Drilling a well to recover oil costs $5 million per well. If each company drills one well, each will get half of the oil and earn a $67 million profit ($72 million in revenue - $5 million in costs) . Assume that having X percent of the total wells means that a company will collect X percent of the total revenue. -Refer to Scenario 17-2. If each firm is permitted to drill two wells at most, the firms are in a Nash equilibrium when

Table 17-1 Imagine a small town in which only two residents, Rochelle and Alec, own wells that produce safe drinking water. Each week Rochelle and Alec work together to decide how many gallons of water to pump. They bring the water to town and sell it at whatever price the market will bear. To keep things simple, suppose that Rochelle and Alec can pump as much water as they want without cost so that the marginal cost of water equals zero. The weekly town demand schedule and total revenue schedule for water is shown in the table below: 21. -Refer to Table 17-1. If Rochelle and Alec operate as a profit-maximizing monopoly in the market for water, how much profit will each of them earn?

Give an example of a famous cartel.

The practice of selling a product to retailers and requiring the retailers to charge a specific price for the product is called

The simplest type of oligopoly is

A law that encourages market competition by prohibiting firms from gaining or exercising excessive market power is