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The Bureau of Labor Statistics places people in the "employed" category if they


A) are without a job, but are available for work and have tried to find a job during the previous four weeks.
B) work without pay in a family member's business.
C) are waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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When a union raises the wage above the equilibrium level, it


A) reduces both the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded.
B) reduces the quantity of labor supplied and raises the quantity of labor demanded.
C) raises the quantity of labor supplied and reduces the quantity of labor demanded.
D) raises both the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is not a reason economies experience structural unemployment?


A) job search
B) unions
C) minimum-wage laws
D) efficiency wages

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Who of the following are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "employed" category?


A) certain unpaid workers
B) part-time workers
C) workers on vacation
D) All of the above are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A labor union is similar to a .

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A century ago, the four industries with the largest employment in the United States were cotton goods, woolen goods, men's clothing, and lumber.

A) True
B) False

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Who is included in the labor force by the Bureau of Labor Statistics?


A) Tina, who worked most of the week in a steel factory
B) Kelly, who is temporarily laid off but expects to be recalled
C) DJ, who does not have a job but is looking for work
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is not a contention of advocates of unions?


A) Unions are a necessary antidote to the market power of the firms that hire workers.
B) In the case of a "company town," a union may balance the firm's market power and protect the workers from being at the mercy of the firm's owners.
C) The introduction of a union benefits all workers in a firm.
D) Unions are important for helping firms respond efficiently to workers' concerns.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Most job search in the U.S. economy takes place without intervention by the government.

A) True
B) False

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Within the U.S. population, teenagers ages 16-19) have similar rates of labor-force participation than adults of prime working age ages 25-54), regardless of race or gender.

A) True
B) False

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Christopher is an unpaid, stay-at-home father who works as a volunteer at the local Habitat for Humanity chapter. Currently, Christopher is not looking for a paid job. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counts Christopher as


A) unemployed and in the labor force.
B) unemployed but not in the labor force.
C) in the labor force but not unemployed.
D) neither in the labor force nor unemployed.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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About what percentage of jobs are destroyed every year, and about what percentage of workers leave their jobs in a typical month?


A) 1% and 5%
B) 5% and 1%
C) 3% and 10%
D) 10% and 3%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Unemployment insurance is designed to offer workers full protection against job loss.

A) True
B) False

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When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, there are more workers willing to work than there are jobs, so some workers are unemployed.

A) True
B) False

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Briefly explain the four rationales for efficiency wages.

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1. Better paid workers are healthier and...

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Full­time students and homemakers are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "unemployed" category.

A) True
B) False

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Right-to-work laws


A) guarantee workers the right to form unions.
B) give workers in a unionized firm the right to choose whether to join the union.
C) prevent employers from hiring permanent replacements for workers who are on strike.
D) prevent workers from being fired because of increases in wages brought about by collective bargaining.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Suppose the demand for hard-wood flooring increases, while the demand for wall-to-wall carpeting decreases. Based on this change in consumer tastes, the demand for hard-wood-flooring factory workers in North Carolina increases, while the demand for carpet factory workers in Georgia decreases. This is an example of


A) frictional unemployment created by efficiency wages.
B) structural unemployment created by efficiency wages.
C) frictional unemployment created by sectoral shifts.
D) structural unemployment created by sectoral shifts.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Suppose that medical technicians and nurses' aides are not unionized. If the nurses' aides unionize, then the wages of


A) both medical technicians and nurses' aides will rise.
B) both medical technicians and nurses' aides will fall.
C) medical technicians will rise, and the wages of nurses' aides will fall.
D) nurses' aides will rise, and the wages of medical technicians will fall.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Suppose that the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the number of jobs for dental hygienists will grow faster than most occupations while the number of jobs for bookbinders will decline. This change in the labor market could lead to


A) frictional unemployment created by efficiency wages.
B) structural unemployment created by efficiency wages.
C) frictional unemployment created by sectoral shifts.
D) structural unemployment created by sectoral shifts.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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