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When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the equilibrium level, it


A) raises both the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.
B) raises the quantity of labor supplied and reduces the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.
C) reduces the quantity of labor supplied and raises the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.
D) reduces both the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Adults who were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' "employed" category.

A) True
B) False

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Unions contribute to


A) frictional but not structural unemployment.
B) structural but not frictional unemployment.
C) both frictional and structural unemployment.
D) neither frictional nor structural unemployment.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The introduction of a union into a firm benefits all of that firm's workers.

A) True
B) False

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Most economists agree that eliminating unemployment insurance would increase the nation's overall level of well­being.

A) True
B) False

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When a union raises the wage above the equilibrium level,


A) both the quantity of labor supplied and unemployment rise.
B) both the quantity of labor supplied and unemployment fall.
C) the quantity of labor supplied rises and unemployment falls.
D) the quantity of labor supplied falls and unemployment rises.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics' U­3 measure of joblessness is the official unemployment rate.

A) True
B) False

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Efficiency wages create a labor


A) surplus and so increase unemployment.
B) surplus and so decrease unemployment.
C) shortage and so increase unemployment.
D) shortage and so decrease unemployment.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Frictional unemployment is


A) not inevitable; rather, it can be reduced to zero by well-designed public policies.
B) not inevitable; rather, it could be reduced to zero if by the elimination of unemployment insurance.
C) inevitable, because at any given time, jobs are being created in some firms and destroyed in other firms.
D) inevitable, because in some industries, wages are always set above the level that brings supply and demand into equilibrium.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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The labor-force participation rate measures the percentage of the


A) total adult population that is in the labor force.
B) total adult population that is employed.
C) labor force that is employed.
D) labor force that is either employed or unemployed.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In the U.S., it is illegal for employers to interfere when workers try to organize unions.

A) True
B) False

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The natural rate of unemployment is constant over time.

A) True
B) False

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Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys 160,000 business establishments to help determine the number of jobs the economy has gained or lost.

A) True
B) False

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Josh is a full-time college student who is not working or looking for a job. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counts Josh as


A) unemployed and in the labor force.
B) unemployed but not in the labor force.
C) in the labor force but not unemployed.
D) neither in the labor force nor unemployed.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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According to 2012 data on the U.S. population, which of the following was correct for the adult population of prime working age, ages 25-54?


A) Black males had higher labor-force participation rates and lower unemployment rates compared to white males.
B) Black males had both higher labor-force participation rates and higher unemployment rates compared to white males.
C) Black males had both lower labor-force participation rates and lower unemployment rates compared to white males.
D) Black males had lower labor-force participation rates and higher unemployment rates compared to white males.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Sectoral shifts contribute to frictional unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Like any cartel, a union is a group of sellers acting together in the hope of exerting their joint market power.

A) True
B) False

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Who is not included in the labor force by the Bureau of Labor Statistics?


A) Anita, who is on temporary layoff
B) Lauren, who has retired and is not looking for work
C) Raymond, who does not have a job but has applied for several in the last week
D) None of the above is correct.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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